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成人皮肌炎与多发性肌炎的临床表现

Authors
Marc L Miller, MD
Ruth Ann Vleugels, MD, MPH
Section Editors
Ira N Targoff, MD
Jeremy M Shefner, MD, PhD
Jeffrey Callen, MD, FACP, FAAD
Deputy Editors
Monica Ramirez Curtis, MD, MPH
Abena O Ofori, MD
Translators
杨闵, 主治医师

引言

皮肌炎(dermatomyositis, DM)和多发性肌炎(polymyositis, PM)均为特发性炎症性肌病，以共同表现为近端骨肌无力以及有肌肉炎症的证据为特征[1-5]。不同于PM，DM还与多种特征性皮肤表现有关。有一种DM被称为无肌病性皮肌炎(即ADM，既往被称为“无肌炎的皮肌炎”，英文名称dermatomyositis sine myositis)，这种患者有DM的特征性皮肤表现而没有肌无力及肌酶异常。

DM和PM的临床及血清学表现因受累个体及人群不同而不同，取决于免疫遗传特征，可能也与其他遗传特征有关，也可能取决于潜在的环境诱发因素[6,7]。PM与DM的免疫机制以及肌肉组织内损伤的解剖学病灶截然不同。特发性炎症性肌病的另一个主要类型是包涵体肌炎。

成人DM和PM的临床表现及实验室检查结果将总结在此。这些疾病及发生在儿童的相关疾病(被称为儿童DM和PM)的诊断、诊断试验中的电生理及病理检查结果、鉴别诊断及治疗，成人炎症性肌病及儿童DM和PM的发病机制，DM及PM患者伴发恶性肿瘤的风险以及包涵体肌炎的临床表现、诊断及治疗将单独讨论。

●(参见“成人皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的诊断及鉴别诊断”)

●(参见“成人皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的初始治疗”和“成人复发性及难治性皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的治疗”和“幼年型皮肌炎和多发性肌炎的治疗、并发症和预后”)

                             

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-01-30.
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