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儿童癫痫持续状态的临床特征和并发症

Author
Angus Wilfong, MD
Section Editor
Douglas R Nordli, Jr, MD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
金欣俐, 主任医师，教授

引言

癫痫持续状态(status epilepticus, SE)是儿童期最常见的神经内科急症，它也是一种严重且常常危及生命的医疗急症。

本文将总结儿童SE的定义、病理生理学、分类、危险因素及结局。此病的治疗将单独讨论。 (参见“儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态的治疗”)

定义

用于定义SE的连续癫痫发作活动的持续时间随着时间的推移有所变化。在过去，国际抗癫痫联盟(International League Against Epilepsy, ILAE)和其他组织将SE定义为单次癫痫发作持续30分钟以上，或30分钟内出现一连串癫痫发作且两次发作之间功能未恢复[1]。然而，为了做出治疗决策，时间窗更短(例如，连续癫痫发作>5-10分钟)在临床医学界更受青睐且被普遍接受，尤其是对全面惊厥性癫痫发作。

ILAE于2015年对SE的定义进行了修订，修订后的定义结合了这两种时间点[2]。具体而言，ILAE给出的SE定义为：

●终止癫痫发作的机制失灵或引起癫痫发作异常延长(在时间点t1之后)的机制启动引起的疾病；并且

                        

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2015-11-16.
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