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血液透析膜生物相容性的临床影响

Author
Jeffrey S Berns, MD
Section Editor
Steve J Schwab, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
江薇, 副主任医师

引言

透析膜与血液成分相互作用可能会引发炎症反应，并导致多种远期临床后遗症，临床后遗症部分取决于透析膜生物相容性程度。生物相容性良好的透析膜(biocompatible membrane, BCM)习惯上是指“最小程度地引起接触透析膜的患者发生炎症反应的膜”[1]。 (参见“血液与血液透析膜相互作用涉及的生化机制”)

然而，目前没有检测生物相容性的标准技术。因此，基于所用的检测方法不同，如白三烯的生成或补体激活的程度，不同透析膜生产商对生物相容性的要求有很大差别。

本专题将讨论血液透析膜生物相容性临床影响的相关问题。诸如环氧乙烷和补体激活导致的对血液透析膜的急性反应，将单独讨论。 (参见“对血液透析膜的反应”)

血液透析膜的类型

目前用于制造透析器的透析膜有3种：纤维素膜、改性纤维素膜(substituted cellulose)、合成非纤维素膜。

纤维素膜 — 纤维素主要被制作成铜仿膜(英文为cuprophan或cuprophane)，是一种从压棉中获取的多糖膜。铜仿膜是由含大量自由羟基的失水葡萄糖环链组成。铜铵(cupammonium)被主要用于这种膜的制作过程(因此得名)，但是也有其他的生产方法。

            

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-12-15.
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