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成人肝硬化：并发症、一般治疗和预后的概述

Authors
Eric Goldberg, MD
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, MACP
Section Editor
Bruce A Runyon, MD
Deputy Editor
Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
Translators
窦艳, 副主任医师

引言

肝硬化是进行性肝纤维化的晚期阶段，其特征是肝脏结构破坏和再生结节形成。通常认为晚期肝硬化是不可逆的，此时唯一的选择是肝脏移植。在较早期阶段，针对肝病基础病因的特定治疗可能会改善甚至逆转肝硬化。

肝硬化患者易感多种并发症，预期寿命会显著减少。2010年，美国因肝硬化死亡的人数约为49,500，是当年第8大死因[1]。另外，估计有19,500名患者死于肝癌，而肝癌常发生于肝硬化的情况下。相似的是，一项使用美国疾病预防控制中心和罗彻斯特流行病学项目(Rochester Epidemiology Project)的美国国家死亡指数(National Death Index)的研究估计，2008年因肝病死亡的人数为66,007，其中18,175名死于肝胆癌[2]。

本专题将总结肝硬化的并发症、一般治疗和预后。肝硬化病因和诊断的概述参见其他专题。 (参见“成人肝硬化的病因、临床表现与诊断”)

主要并发症

肝硬化的主要并发症包括(表 1)：

●静脉曲张出血

                                    

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-03-07.
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