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成人肝硬化的病因、临床表现与诊断

Authors
Eric Goldberg, MD
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, MACP
Section Editor
Bruce A Runyon, MD
Deputy Editor
Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
Translators
罗凌玉, 主治医师

引言

肝硬化是进展性肝纤维化的晚期，以肝脏结构变形和形成再生性结节为特征。现普遍认为晚期肝硬化不可逆，届时唯一的治疗选择可能是肝移植。然而，有文献记录对若干形式肝病的潜在病因进行治疗后，可逆转肝硬化(在其早期阶段)。肝硬化患者易发生多种并发症，且其期望寿命显著缩短。 (参见“成人肝硬化：并发症、一般治疗和预后的概述”，关于‘预后’一节)

本专题将总结肝硬化的病因、临床表现和诊断。对肝硬化的并发症、预后和一般处理的概述将单独讨论。 (参见“成人肝硬化：并发症、一般治疗和预后的概述”)

病因和分类

能够导致肝硬化的肝病原因很多，有的是通过引起慢性肝炎，有的是胆汁淤积。在美国肝硬化的最常见原因是丙型肝炎、酒精性肝病和非酒精性肝病，这些总共占2004-2013年间美国肝移植等待名单上患者的80%左右[1]。

在发达国家，肝硬化的常见原因包括[2]：

●慢性病毒性肝炎(乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎)

                               

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-08-15.
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