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化学恐怖袭击的快速识别及初步医疗处置

Author
James M Madsen, MD, MPH, FCAP, FACOEM, COL, MC-FS, USA
Section Editors
Richard D Zane, MD
Stephen J Traub, MD
Michele M Burns, MD, MPH
Deputy Editor
James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH
Translators
刘继海, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

恐怖组织可能发动涵盖化学、生物、放射、核及烈性炸药(chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosive, CBRNE)的恐怖事件[1]。对于暴露于最可能用于战场或恐怖袭击的化学物质的患者，本文提供了快速识别接触和初步处置的指南。

生物恐怖袭击，以及辐射暴露(包括核恐怖袭击所致暴露)的临床特征及治疗见其他专题。 (参见“Identifying and managing casualties of biological terrorism”和“Clinical features of radiation exposure in children”和“成人辐射损伤的生物学和临床特征”和“Management of radiation exposure in children following a nuclear disaster”和“成人放射性损伤的治疗”)

本文不涉及大规模杀伤性武器的现场及医疗应对预案和准备，这方面的内容见其他专题[2-11]。

背景

化学武器的使用违反现行国际法，并且受到联合国条约的管辖。《禁止开发、生产、储存、使用化学武器及销毁此种武器的公约》或称《化学武器公约》(Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC)自1997年开始实施。该公约由荷兰海牙的国际禁止化学武器组织(Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OPCW)执行[12]。

尽管国际公约禁止使用化学武器，但是多个国家仍大量储备有各类化学武器，其针对军队及平民的使用记录如下：

                         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-06-29.
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