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剖宫产：术后事项

Author
Vincenzo Berghella, MD
Section Editor
Charles J Lockwood, MD, MHCM
Deputy Editor
Vanessa A Barss, MD, FACOG
Translators
周建政, 副主任医师

引言

本专题将总结行剖宫产女性的术后护理，并讨论这项手术的潜在后遗症。术前和术中的问题将单独讨论。 (参见“剖宫产：术前问题”和“Cesarean delivery: Surgical technique”)

术后护理

在术后早期，监测患者是否存在宫缩乏力、阴道或切口过度出血以及少尿的证据。监测血压以评估是否有低血压或高血压，低血压可能是腹腔内出血的征象，高血压可能是子痫前期的征象。

患者自控阿片样物质镇痛后口服非类固醇类抗炎药物可适当地缓解大多数患者的疼痛。 (参见“剖宫产麻醉”，关于‘计划剖宫产术后镇痛’一节)

没有证据表明，在去除膀胱导管前进行尿常规培养或导管夹闭试验是有用的[1,2]。

可指导母亲以避免接触切口的方式抱新生儿；可以让新生儿躺在她身边或使用“抱足球”的姿势，或将枕头放在切口之上和婴儿之下以最大减少与切口的直接接触。提重物和以蹲位提重物引起腹内压增加最多[3,4]。在伤口愈合的第一到两周内应尽可能减少这些活动，虽然尚没有相关的数据表明不同腹内压力对伤口愈合的影响[5]。

                         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-07-24.
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