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儿童支气管扩张的原因

Authors
Khoulood Fakhoury, MD
Adaobi Kanu, MD
Section Editor
George B Mallory, MD
Deputy Editor
Alison G Hoppin, MD
Translators
王全, 副主任医师

引言

支气管扩张是一种以支气管树异常扩张和扭曲为特征的结构异常，可导致慢性阻塞性肺病。其通常是多种病理生理过程的最终结果，这些病理生理过程可导致支气管壁软弱、容易塌陷、慢性炎症及黏液分泌物栓塞。

在发达国家，囊性纤维化(cystic fibrosis, CF)是儿童支气管扩张最常见的原因。CF相关支气管扩张的评估和处理将会单独详细讨论。 (参见“Cystic fibrosis: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis”和“Cystic fibrosis: Clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease”和“囊性纤维化：肺部疾病治疗概述”和“囊性纤维化：肺病的抗生素治疗”)

除CF以外，多种疾病过程也能引起支气管扩张，其中大多数包括支气管阻塞与感染的部分联合作用。在不同的人群和年龄段中，引起支气管扩张的病变类型不同。例如，感染和支气管扩张的获得性原因在成人和发展中国家占主导，而气道或免疫系统先天性异常在儿童和工业化国家更为突出。

本专题将总结儿童非CF相关支气管扩张的发病机制和主要病因。儿童非CF性支气管扩张的评估和处理，以及成人支气管扩张的病因将在其他专题讨论。 (参见“儿童支气管扩张症的临床表现与评估”和“不伴囊性纤维化的儿童支气管扩张的处理”和“成人支气管扩张症的临床表现和诊断”)

流行病学

近几十年，发达国家非CF相关支气管扩张的患病率逐渐下降，原因可能是卫生环境和居住条件改善、抗呼吸系统疾病(如，麻疹、百日咳)的疫苗接种，以及抗生素的使用[1,2]。

            

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-09-12.
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