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成人紧张症：治疗和预后

Author
M Justin Coffey, MD
Section Editors
Peter P Roy-Byrne, MD
Stephen Marder, MD
Deputy Editor
David Solomon, MD
Translators
王红星, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

紧张症是一种以不能正常移动为特征的行为综合征，可发生在许多精神障碍和普通躯体疾病情况下[1]。使用苯二氮卓类或电休克治疗(electroconvulsive therapy, ECT)及时治疗紧张症，以及治疗其根本原因，通常会使紧张症缓解。然而，没有识别出并适当治疗紧张症会导致不良结局，尤其是恶性紧张症能致死。

本专题将总结紧张症的治疗和预后。其流行病学、临床特征、评估、基础性疾病、诊断和鉴别诊断将单独讨论。 (参见“成人紧张症的流行病学、临床特征、评估和诊断”)

紧张症的定义

紧张症是一种以不能正常移动为特征的行为综合征，可出现在具有基础精神障碍(如，孤独症谱系障碍、双相障碍、精神病性障碍和单相重性抑郁)和普通躯体疾病的患者中。该综合征的特征是观察到或诱发出的异质性体征(表 1和表 2)，最常见的是不动、强直、缄默、故作姿势、过度运动活动、木僵、违拗、凝视和模仿言语[1-3]。

紧张症的亚型是基于运动失常的具体性质和其他相关的特征而分类[1]。依其发生率的顺序，3种主要的形式如下：

●迟钝–缄默、抑制动作、故作姿势、强直、违拗和凝视

            

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-03-31.
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