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有创血压监测中的动脉置管术

Authors
Gilles Clermont, MDCM, MSc
Arthur C Theodore, MD
Section Editors
John F Eidt, MD
Joseph L Mills, Sr, MD
Deputy Editor
Kathryn A Collins, MD, PhD, FACS
Translators
刘志丽, 主治医师

引言

动脉导管(英文同义词有arterial catheters, intra-arterial catheters或A-lines)常用于危重患者。其既可用于采集动脉血液进行实验室检查，也可直接测量血压和心输出量。但是，置入动脉导管是一种有创性操作，并且可能出现并发症。

本专题将总结动脉置管术的适应证、置管技术和并发症。也将总结动脉导管在监测血压方面的应用。经皮动脉穿刺和动脉血气(arterial blood gases, ABGs)将在别处讨论。(参见“动脉血气”)

适应证

留置动脉导管的优点包括可连续获得动脉血标本，以及能够连续测量血压。因此，存在以下情况时需行动脉置管术：

●需要频繁进行血气分析，如急性呼吸衰竭时。

●必须密切监测患者血压时，如休克、大型手术、高血压急症或应用血管加压药物治疗期间。出现急性血压异常或血压不稳的情况时，尤其需要密切监测患者血压。

                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-02-27.
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