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儿童O型腿的处理

Author
Scott B Rosenfeld, MD
Section Editors
William Phillips, MD
Jan E Drutz, MD
Deputy Editor
Mary M Torchia, MD
Translators
王恩波, 主任医师，教授

引言

O型腿(膝内翻)是一种膝关节成角畸形，成角的顶点背离中线(图 1)。而X型腿(膝外翻)则是成角顶点朝向中线的膝关节成角畸形(图 1)。

O型腿和X型腿是儿科初级保健医护人员遇到的最常见的一种骨骼肌肉解剖学变异，也是转诊至儿科骨外科医生的常见原因。然而，大部分O型腿或X型腿患儿下肢发育较正常发育有变异，这可由初级保健医护人员监测。

了解下肢的正常生理发育是区别生理力线与病理力线所必需的。导致O型腿的病理性原因包括Blount病、营养性佝偻病及其他代谢性骨病、骨骼发育不良、感染、创伤和肿瘤形成。与生理性膝内翻不同，上述情况一般不会随时间推移发生改善，可能需要矫形具或手术治疗。

本专题将概述下肢的正常生理力线、O型腿的生理和病理原因，以及O型腿患儿的处理。X型腿将单独讨论。 (参见“Approach to the child with knock-knees”)

正常的生理力线

了解下肢的正常发育是鉴别生理变形与病理畸形所必需的。

                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-06.
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