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女性急性单纯性膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎

Authors
Thomas M Hooton, MD
Kalpana Gupta, MD, MPH
Section Editor
Stephen B Calderwood, MD
Deputy Editor
Allyson Bloom, MD

引言

急性膀胱炎指的是膀胱感染(下尿路感染)；它可以单独发生或合并肾盂肾炎(肾脏感染-上尿路感染)[1]。

一般来说，在其他方面健康的非妊娠期成年女性发生的膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎大多数都考虑为单纯性的。复杂的尿路感染，无论局限在下尿路还是上尿路，通常和感染或治疗失败风险增加的潜在条件有关(如尿路梗阻、解剖学异常、泌尿系统功能紊乱或者尿路病原体多重耐药)。

女性急性单纯性膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎有关的问题总结在此。关于男性尿路感染以及急性复杂性尿路感染的问题将单独讨论。 (参见“急性复杂性膀胱炎和肾盂肾炎”和“男性急性单纯性膀胱炎、肾盂肾炎和无症状性菌尿”)

流行病学

在性行为活跃的年轻女性中，有症状尿路感染(urinary tract infection, UTI)的发病率很高；在一项纳入796例女大学生的队列研究中，UTI发病率为0.5-0.7次/人年[2]。危险因素包括近期有性行为、近期使用杀精剂以及有尿路感染史[2,3]。

膀胱炎也发生在绝经后女性。在一项前瞻性队列研究中对1017例绝经后女性进行了2年随访，据估计通过培养确诊为急性膀胱炎的发病率是0.07次/人年[4]。

                 

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-11-21.
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