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腰骶神经根病：病理生理学、临床特征及诊断

Authors
Philip S Hsu, MD
Carmel Armon, MD, MHS
Kerry Levin, MD
Section Editor
Jeremy M Shefner, MD, PhD
Deputy Editor
John F Dashe, MD, PhD
Translators
李子孝, 主治医师

引言

腰骶神经根病是指疾病进程影响到一个或多个腰骶神经根功能的疾病[1]。腰骶神经根病的各临床方面将总结在此。

腰骶神经根病的治疗和其他低位脊椎疾病将单独讨论。 (参见“急性腰骶神经根病：预后与治疗”和“腰椎管狭窄症：病理生理学、临床特点和诊断”和“成人腰痛的诊断和评估概述”和“亚急性腰痛和慢性腰痛的药物和非介入治疗”和“亚急性和慢性腰痛的非手术介入治疗”和“亚急性和慢性腰痛的手术治疗”)

解剖学

腰椎由5个可活动的腰椎椎体组成，编号为L1到L5(图 1)。骶骨由5个在发育过程中逐渐融合的椎体(S1-S5)构成，紧跟其的为最下端一块骨性突起，即尾骨。整个区域通常被称为腰骶椎。

在每块腰椎和骶椎正下方都有一对用相同编号命名的神经孔，例如L1神经孔正好位于L1椎体下方。神经孔以椎弓根为上界和下界，以椎间盘和椎体为前界，以关节突关节为后界(图 1)。

每个神经孔内通过相同编号的脊神经根、脑膜返支神经以及神经根血管。每一侧都各有5个腰神经根、5个骶神经根和1个尾神经根。

                                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-05-31.
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