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紧急血液透析处方

Authors
Phillip Ramos, MD, MSCI
Mark R Marshall, MD
Thomas A Golper, MD
Section Editors
Jeffrey S Berns, MD
Paul M Palevsky, MD
Richard H Sterns, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
白琼, 主治医师

引言

急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury, AKI)，以前被称为急性肾衰竭(acute renal failure, ARF)，是并发症和死亡的主要原因，尤其在医院内。尽管在过去几十年肾脏替代疗法(renal replacement therapy, RRT)有所改善，但在重症患者中，与AKI相关的死亡率仍较高。 (参见“急性肾小管坏死后肾脏和患者结局”)

紧急RRT一般适用于AKI患者。目前，实施紧急RRT可使用的方式包括：腹膜透析，间歇血液透析和间歇血液透析变异形式(如血液滤过)，以及连续性肾脏替代疗法(continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT)。

本专题总结用于AKI患者的紧急血液透析处方。紧急透析的适应证和透析方式的选择将单独讨论。 (参见“成人急性肾损伤的肾脏替代疗法(透析)：适应证、时机及透析剂量”，关于‘急诊指征’一节和“成人急性肾损伤的肾脏替代疗法(透析)：适应证、时机及透析剂量”，关于‘最佳模式’一节和“连续性肾脏替代疗法在急性肾损伤(急性肾衰竭)中的应用”和“腹膜透析用于治疗急性肾损伤(急性肾衰竭)”)

血液透析的最佳血管通路将在别处讨论。 (参见“急性和慢性血液透析通路的中心静脉导管”)

紧急血液透析处方的组成

紧急透析处方的组成内容包括血液透析膜的选择、透析液成分和温度、血流速度、超滤量和超滤率、抗凝剂选择以及总透析剂量。

                              

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-12-15.
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