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Pathogen inactivation of blood products
Topic Outline
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW
- General limitations
- Continuing health concerns
- PATHOGEN INACTIVATION OF FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
- Overview
- Limited ability to inactivate hepatitis A virus and parvovirus
- Inability to inactivate prions
- Solvent-detergent method
- - Special properties
- - S/D plasma use in liver transplantation
- - Cost-effectiveness
- - Removal of anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins
- Methylene blue method
- Other inactivation methods
- VIRAL INACTIVATION OF FIBRINOGEN
- PATHOGEN INACTIVATION OF PLATELETS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
A major public health concern regarding blood products in general and plasma derivatives in particular is the possibility that plasma used for further manufacture and eventual transfusion or administration may be contaminated with one or more viral agents (eg, HIV, HCV, parvovirus) or with other pathogens.
While some have argued that the pathogen inactivation procedures discussed below eliminate concerns about the presence of infectious agents in donor plasma, most authorities agree that adherence to strict standards of donor recruitment and donor screening are still necessary for ensuring the safety of these products. Blood donor screening and testing of blood for pathogens are discussed separately.
- (See "Blood donor medical history".)
- (See "Laboratory testing of donated blood".)
- (See "Procedures used for blood donor screening: Protection of potential blood donors and recipients", section on 'Specific donor screening procedures'.)
The safest way to prevent pathogen transmission is to avoid unnecessary transfusion. Guidelines for transfusion thresholds are discussed in the following topics:
- (See "Indications for red cell transfusion in the adult".)
- (See "Indications for red blood cell transfusion in infants and children".)
- (See "Use of blood products in the critically ill".)
- (See "Red blood cell transfusions in the newborn".)
- (See "Clinical and laboratory aspects of platelet transfusion therapy".)
- (See "Clinical use of plasma components".)
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Literature review current through:
Apr 2013.
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This topic last updated:
Mar 15, 2013.
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