The objective of this study was to clarify the patterns of recurrence and prognosis after resection of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMTs). Fourteen patients with IPMT were reviewed histologically; intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma was present in 12 cases and intraductal papillary adenoma in 2. Six patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Two patients died from other causes. Six patients had recurrences. The median survival time was 46 months. In the six recurrent cases, the median postoperative disease-free interval was 38 months. Four patients died of recurrence, and the median survival time after recurrence was 6 months. The major site of recurrence was the remnant pancreas. The other sites were the liver in two cases, peritoneum in two, and local in one. These results suggest the multicentric or metachronous oncogenesis of IPMT. Because of the low frequency of lymph node metastases, an operation to preserve pancreatic function may be recommended, especially for localized tumors such as the branch type. It is important to avoid an incomplete resection using intraoperative pancreatoscopy and ultrasonography. Long-term follow-up after surgery is necessary even for a curative resection. We should perform total pancreatectomy for recurrences without distant metastases.