Medline ® Abstract for Reference 11

Rapid transfusion of citrated whole blood was associated with acute hypotension and a rising central venous pressure in a patient undergoing pelvic exenteration and hemipelvectomy. Evidence of cardiac failure was accompanied by a precipitous decrease in serum ionized calcium (Ca++) concentration. When the rate of blood transfusion was slowed, arterial blood pressure returned to the control level and serum Ca++ increased.