Medline ® Abstracts for References 6,7
of 'Auscultation of cardiac murmurs in adults'
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2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
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Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS, 2006 Writing Committee Members, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force
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Circulation. 2008;118(15):e523.
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PMID
7
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The physiology of cardiac auscultation.
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Pelech AN
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Pediatr Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;51(6):1515-35, vii-viii.
Cardiac auscultation remains a critical component of the pediatric examination and is the primary method of diagnosis for the common innocent murmurs of childhood. This article outlines the significance of auscultation and defines the skills important for the diagnosis and recognition of common cardiac murmurs in childhood. The origin of heart sounds and murmurs is reviewed, and an approach to pediatric murmur evaluation is presented. The seven innocent murmurs of childhood and adolescence are reviewed in detail. Further diagnostic evaluation and referral depends the clinician's confidence and experience in recognizing and correctly characterizing these murmurs.
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Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. apelech@mew.edu
PMID